Estimation of yield losses due to major sucking insect pests. Consider a seed treatment for pests based on field history and according to the cotton pest management guidelines. Thrips thysanoptera western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. Cotton is a major crop in parts of the african tropics, australia, china, egypt, india, mexico, pakistan, soviet union, the sudan, united states, and warmer regions of central and south america. There is currently an eradication program for the boll weevil. Division of crop protection central institute for cotton. Diseases have always been a problem wherever cotton is grown. Insect pests of cotton are classified as sucking pests boll worms defoliators root stem feeders or borer pests non insect pests 6. Two of the major cotton pests are the boll weevil and the pink bollworm. Arthropod pests have likely affected cotton since it was domesticated at least 3,000 years ago lee and fang, 2015. Waters hall 1603 old claflin place kansas state university manhattan ks 665064004. Cotton pests by rank 2014 pest % reduction acres infested bales lost lygus 0.
Cotton is the collective name given to four species of plants in the genus gossypium, gossypium hirsutum, gossypium barbadense, gossypium arboreum and gossypium herbaceum which are perennial shrubs in the family malvaceae grown for the fluffy fiber which protects the seeds of the plant. Biological control of cotton pests in china shuping luoa, steven e. Creontiades plant bug creontiades nymphs are similar in appearance to cotton fleahopper but are generally larger and. The weevil is a pest which primarily attacks flowers and bolls. Beneficial insects growing wildly in fields are one of natures great free sources of pest control, a resource to augment and nurture, not squander or slug into oblivion under a pesticidal rain. Scouting is the foundation for any pest management program figure 4. Etermination of the crop immediate to last picking. Integrated pest management national cotton council of. South carolina pest management handbook for field crops. Hundreds of species of insects may be found in cotton, but only a limited number of. Pdf cotton pests and the actual strategies for their. Cotton pests cotton pest terminology adulticide a chemical, usually an insecticide, that is targeted toward the adult stage. Mf2674 cotton insect management 2019 ksre bookstore.
Farmers and ranchers must follow the instructions and advice of competent fieldmen. In the lengthy bearing period of cotton, it is often damaged by various plant diseases and insect pests. Keep records pdf treat if needed according to cotton pest management guidelines. Cotton pests are currently the subjects of a broad array of research. Kerns insecticide resistance management experience has shown that reliance on a single class of insecticides that act in the same way may cause pests to develop resistance to the entire group of insecticides. The cotton pest management guide 201920 is the industrys premium resource for insect, mite and weed control, disease prevention, biosecurity and spray application information. These tiny, barely visible, splinterlike insects are important pests during the first couple of weeks after plants emerge.
Materials and methods the experiments on population dynamics of insect pests on cotton and their natural enemies were conducted at the research farm of kpk agricultural university, peshawar during 2009. Its principles include utilizing an array of alternatives, rather than focusing on only one or two methods of pest control. The cotton bollworm is a major pest limiting cotton productivity worldwide. Cotton jassid, whitefly and thrips are important sucking insect pests in cotton fields in the punjab, pakistan. By maintaining populations of spiders in their fields, farmers find that their crop yields increase. It is the most important vegetable fiber and is woven into fabrics either alone or combined with other fibers. Oct 02, 20 the economic importance of cotton is based on different properties of its products.
The results on incidence of sucking pests and bollworms, number of sprays and seed cotton yield in ipm vs gss are presented in tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 for the year 2002, 03, 04 and 2005, respectively. Extent of bollworm and sucking pest damage on modern. Furthermore, the use of pesticides against major pests can result in secondary pests internal link becoming a problem. Under these conditions, the cotton crop should mature soon enough to avoid severe damage by the august generations of tobacco budworm and bollworm.
Decisions to apply controls should be based on thorough scouting and identification of pests, the cost of insecticide, the price of cotton, yield potential and fruitretention goals. Verde plant bug is associated with cotton boll rot in south texas cotton, p. It is chiefly grown for its fiber which is used for manufacturing of clothes for mankind. In texas, three species of aphids feed on cotton plants as secondary pests. North carolina state university raleigh, north carolina introduction the intent of tllis chapter is to set the stage for this monograph by providing a summary of key events leading to the stateoftheart of insect and mite pests in cotton. The problem was solved by adding 1 to 2 pounds of ddtto the amount ofboll weevil poi sons usedperacre. Resistance against cotton bollworm is one of the main.
In texas, three species of aphids, or plant lice, feed on cotton plants as secondary pests. Cotton production is challenged worldwide by a diversity of arthropod pests that require management to prevent or reduce crop damage. Thereafter, a steady reduction in cotton production has occurred, because of the abandonment of dry land cotton, increased production costs, and losses due to pests and diseases. A boll weevil can destroy the cotton lint with its feces and consume the cotton seeds. By viewing growth of the cotton plant as a series of susceptibility windows, management decisions and scouting information can be targeted to deal with the specific major pests attacking cotton. North carolina state university raleigh, north carolina introduction the intent of tllis chapter is to set the stage for this monograph by providing a summary of key events leading to the state of theart of insect and mite pests in cotton. Cotton diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation.
Secondary pests, such as aphids, become a serious problem when broadspectrum insecticides targeted at primary pests disrupt natural control. You will find researchbased publications dealing with the many insect pests of cotton in. Advancing cotton educationintegrated pest management. Jan 08, 2019 the role of ppqs cotton pest programs is to eradicate the boll weevil and pink bollworm from all cotton producing areas of the u. Integrated pest management ipm is simply using the right tools at the right time to attack common pests. Ecultural decisions concerning cotton production can influence the infestation levels of insect pests. Control of the cotton pests, such as mites and budworms, is sought through different methods. Hundreds of species of insects may be found in cotton, but only a limited number of those species are economically important. Creontiades plant bug creontiades nymphs are similar in appearance to cotton fleahopper but are generally larger and have red stippling on their antennae through the 3rd instar. Damage attributed to insect and mite pests in united states cotton, which ranged from 7 to 14%, annually, during the last decade suguiyama and osteen, 1988, occurred in spite of the best control efforts. South carolina pest management handbook for field crops 2017 105 cotton insect management jeremy k. Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of. Indian farmers cultivate cotton fibre from all the four gossypium sp.
It belongs to family cicadellidae and order homoptera. With timely planting and proper insect pest management, most of the harvestable bolls will be set on the plant by early august. Cotton is one of the most important industrial crops in ghana. Sep 26, 2016 however, in india only 162 species have been recorded, among which 1415 species may be called as major pests due to their occurrence in serious proportions almost every year 5. Burkhardt professor of entomology section i principles of field crop insect control presentday insect problems, created or aggravated by the concentrations of host plants, are diverse and complex and without simple solutions. When losses from multiple pests are occurring, fixed individual pest thresholds may become dynamic or change. But there are potential pests, and growers will need to watch for signs and symptoms of developing problems. Eafter final picking, allow animal grazing to eat away the remaining green bolls that are sources of pink bollworm carry over. The economic importance of cotton is based on different properties of its products. While information from other cottongrowing states may help identify and manage many of these problems, local growing condi.
The insect fauna found with the cotton plant are numerous. Applied cotton insect and disease pest management evaluations in the texas high plains 2008 report dr. Managing cotton insects in the southern, eastern and blackland areas of texas r. Studying the sucking insect pests community in transgenic bt cotton. Certain pests such as the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis boheman, plant bugs such as lygus spp. Field history of verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, and root knot nematode. Major insect pests of cotton the main or major insect pests of cotton that cause economic loss to this crop are given below with their scientific names, order and family name. The staff also provides technical assistance to facilitate the trade of u.
Insect pests are major limiting factors in producing cotton in south carolina. At present yielding condition, the economic loss of cotton will be 5 %15 % due to plant. Cotton in the nr is managed at a large scale similar to that in the western usa wu and guo, 2005. Blister beetles secrete an oily, yellow substance called cantharidin, which is a poisonous chemical that can cause burns and blisters on contact with skin. This is cotton insects publications page of the arizona crop information site. Cotton crop failures during 1987 and 1997 resulted in. By considering the pest within a certain window timeframe, its damage can be assessed relative to the growth stage and its potential to destroy.
At the same time, they have cut down on chemical use. A large number of arthropod species have been described as cotton pests, but. Extension entomologyplease call 7855325891 entomologys 2025 strategic plan. Cotton aphids are the primary aphid species of concern in cotton. The cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera hubner, pink bollworm pectinophora gossypiella saunders, spotted bollworm earias vittella fab. Verde plant bug damage to cotton affected by its density and seasonal occurrence. Biological control with beneficial insects makes dollars and sense, even in chemically sprayed cotton fields. The role of ppqs cotton pest programs is to eradicate the boll weevil and pink bollworm from all cottonproducing areas of the u. Cotton jassid cotton jassid is a major sucking insect pest of cotton with scientific name amrasca biguttula ishida. Jason woodward extension plant pathologist cottonpeanuts dr. However, the organic insecticides ap plied to control the boll weevil also heavily decimated the insect enemies of thebollworm,andthispestbecamemore common in cotton fields. Pdf cotton diseases, insects and control researchgate. The university of hubei in china, looking for natural predators to control cotton pests, found that of 600 predators, more than 100 were varieties of spiders.
The beetle releases the chemical from specialized vessels in its. For current information on the economic thresholds of cotton pests in your area, contact an extension entomologist or your county extension agent or refer to the management of cotton insects series appropriate for your region. Kansas cotton growers escape most of the damaging insects found deeper in the cotton belt. Cotton crop is prone to damage by a number of pests. Both the green stink bug and several brown species may attack cotton bolls. As these alter nate host plants become less attractive, thrips begin migrating into. The guide builds on the wealth of knowledge from research the cotton industry has undertaken since the publication first began in the 1980s and is an important tool.
University of californias official guidelines for pest monitoring techniques, pesticides, and. Biological control of cotton pests rinconvitova insectaries. Yearround ipm program for cotton 5 preplant to planting. Higher stink bug populations are typically observed on lateplanted cotton compared with earlyplanted cotton. Propagation and release of natural enemies for control of. However, in india only 162 species have been recorded, among which 1415 species may be called as major pests due to their occurrence in serious proportions almost every year 5. Terry wheeler research plant pathologist bo kesey extension program specialist cotton entomology. Cotton insect pest management reports for the texas high plains. Integrated pest management of cotton in punjab, india.
You will find researchbased publications dealing with the many insect pests of cotton in arizona. For example, the sweep net is less valuable for sampling plant bugs in cotton once boll development begins because cotton of this size is difficult to. Greene, researchextension entomologist insect pests are major limiting factors in producing cotton in south carolina. Similar to other cotton producing countries in the world, both insect pests and crop diseases are considered the major factors. The most consistent insectrelated challenge for kansas cotton growers is thrips. Monocultures provide potential cotton pests with abundant food sources, causing their populations to increase rapidly. Division of crop protection central institute for cotton research.
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